All Raspberry Pi models function within a voltage range of 4.75 to 5.25 volts. It's important to note that when the Raspberry Pi draws current, there might be a slight voltage drop, which could trigger an undervoltage condition. Therefore, it is recommended to use a power source with a slightly higher voltage and employ a DC-DC step-down regulator to stabilize the input voltage at 5.2 to 5.3 volts for optimal performance.

Typically, under normal operating conditions, a Raspberry Pi 3/4/5 consumes an average of around 1A. However, during more demanding tasks or heavy-duty operations, the power draw increases, reaching a range of 2.5A to 3A. It's essential to ensure a stable power supply within the recommended voltage range of 4.75 to 5.25 volts to prevent undervoltage triggers.

The Raspberry Pi 3 features a microUSB power input port, while the Raspberry Pi 4 and 5 are equipped with a USB-C port. This provides a convenient and universally compatible power connection

For almost all model Undervoltage Trigger Points is 4.65 volt, this trigger normally do not damage the operation of Raspberry Pi ,but may cues slow down operation to avoid showdown. To avoid this trigger it is recommended to use a power source with a slightly higher voltage and employ a DC-DC step-down regulator to stabilize the input voltage at 5.2 to 5.3 volts for optimal performance.

The 5-volt pin on the pin header of Raspberry Pi 3, 4, and 5 is primarily designed as an output, not intended for use as an input. However, it can be repurposed for this function if needed. For added safety, we recommend incorporating a fuse (3~4A for Z_in) and TVS diode (SMBJ 5V for D1) before establishing this connection

To leverage Power over Ethernet (POE) with Raspberry Pi 3, 4, and 5, a (Hardware Attached on Top) is required. The POE HAT facilitates both data and power transmission through a single Ethernet cable, simplifying cable management. This feature is particularly advantageous in scenarios where a clean and organized setup is essential, offering a streamlined solution for power delivery to the Raspberry Pi via the Ethernet connection.