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Introduction Today, with the occurrence of severe droughts and water shortages, significant changes have taken place in agriculture. One of the important examples in this field is the improvement of irrigation methods for agricultural products. One of the important examples in this field is the improvement of irrigation methods for agricultural products. The purpose of using these methods is to optimize water consumption. In addition, it has a very good effect on the quality of products and the costs of...

Overview A potentiometer is a device that can change its resistance by moving a contact along a fixed resistor. It has three terminals: one connected to each end of the resistor and one connected to the movable contact. By adjusting the position of the contact, the potentiometer can divide the input voltage into different output voltages [Read more in Wikipedia]. Potentiometers work by creating a voltage drop across the resistor that is proportional to its length. For example, if the input voltage is 10...

GY-25 Module Features The GY-25 sensor module is a high-resolution 3-axis sensor based on the MPU6050 sensor. It includes a 3-axis gyroscope and a 3-axis accelerometer, all in the MPU6050 sensor chip. The GY-25 module also has a microcontroller called the 32F030F4P6. Its role is to process and convert data from the MPU6050 sensor to obtain the angle value. The microcontroller and Arduino board communicate with the GY-25 module through the UART interface. In addition, the GY-25 module has an I2C interface fo...

Introduction Similar to Arduino IDE, Platform-IO is a programming environment for all types of microcontrollers. It provides an easier programming process and is available as an extension for the VS Code software. One notable advantage of Platform-IO IDE over Arduino IDE is that it automatically selects the appropriate port. In addition, Platform-IO IDE offers code suggestions to help complete and modify your code, and it eliminates errors caused by case sensitivity in Arduino IDE! Some other attractive fea...

Introduction Have you ever had difficulties while uploading code to an ESP32 board? This article deals with one of the most common errors that occurs during code uploading: “Failed to connect to ESP32: Timed out waiting for packet header.” To tackle this problem, we will introduce two methods. Steps to Troubleshooting “Failed to connect to ESP32” Error First of all, disconnect all wires connected to the ESP32 board. This simple thing might solve the issue! (Because the serial or USB pins could be in...

Introduction If you want to explore the endless features of ESP32 microcontrollers, you’ve come to the right place. All ESP32-based boards come with built-in WiFi and Bluetooth. WiFi allows the ESP32 to connect to the Internet and communicate with other devices, while Bluetooth facilitates wireless communication between the ESP32 and other Bluetooth-enabled devices. In this step-by-step tutorial, we will learn how to configure WiFi on ESP32 using Bluetooth. Whether you’re a beginner or experienced, ...

Introduction Are you tired of manually logging data from your ESP32? Would you like to automate the process? Well, the good news is that it’s very simple. In this article, we will cover a comprehensive, step-by-step process on how to send data from either an ESP32 or ESP8266 to Google Sheets. Esp32 is a powerful microcontroller capable of connecting to WiFi, different devices, and sensors. To effectively collect data from other devices and manage it, you need an intelligent system that can store a signifi...

Introduction Since most Arduino boards don't support wireless communication, we have to connect them to a computer—using a cable—in order to program them. But, dealing with all those cables can be frustrating, right? In this step-by-step tutorial, we're going to show you how to wirelessly program your Arduino using Bluetooth. It gives you more flexibility when working on your projects. Whether you're an Arduino pro or just starting out, this step-by-step guide will take you through the entire process—...

Introduction In the world of microcontrollers, the Micro:bit and Arduino stand out as two popular choices for hobbyists, educators, and professionals alike. Many individuals are seeking insights into the Micro:bit vs. Arduino debate. Both platforms offer unique features and capabilities, but deciding which one is better suited for a particular project can be a daunting task. In this article, we will compare the Micro:bit and Arduino, exploring their strengths, weaknesses, and ideal use c...

Introduction In this tutorial, we will explore the potential of infrared (IR) technology and how it can be utilized with an Arduino. Infrared communication is a common feature in electronic devices that allows wireless information exchange. IR technology is everywhere, from remote controls to automatic doors. Understanding the principles of IR communication and learning how to work with it will open up a wide range of possibilities. This tutorial will help you send and receive IR signals with an Arduino...